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Assessment

Principle quiz

Six chapters covering history, language, traps, and moral framework. Progress saves automatically in your browser.

Chapter 1 of 6: Where veganism actually comes from

Where veganism actually comes from

1944, 1949, 1951, and the 1979 shift

Donald Watson founded the Vegan Society in 1944 to name rejection of all animal use. Leslie Cross defined veganism in 1951 as the doctrine that humans should live without exploiting animals. In 1979, "as far as possible and practicable" diluted principle into preference.

  1. 1944

    Vegan Society founded

    Donald Watson coins vegan; emancipation from exploitation is the aim.

  2. 1949

    Cross on emancipation

    Leslie Cross writes that veganism seeks emancipation of animals from exploitation.

  3. 1951

    Formal principle

    Cross: the doctrine that man should live without exploiting animals.

  4. 1979

    Dilution

    Possible and practicable language opens reducetarian interpretations.

Read the full history essay for primary sources and outreach implications.

Check this chapter. Five questions are drawn from a larger bank; a fresh attempt draws a fresh set.